Ichashaza elilodwa phezulu kwesokunxele limelela u-A;amachashazi amabili aphezulu amelela u-C, kanti amachashazi amane amelela 7. Umuntu owazi kahle amagama e-Braille angakwazi ukuchaza noma yimuphi umbhalo emhlabeni ngaphandle kokuwubona.Lokhu akubalulekile nje kuphela ngokombono wokufunda nokubhala, kodwa futhi kubalulekile lapho abantu abangaboni kufanele bathole indlela yabo ezindaweni zomphakathi;iyanquma futhi ekupakisheni, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni ebaluleke kakhulu njengemithi.Isibonelo, imithetho ye-EU yanamuhla idinga ukuthi lezi zinhlamvu ezihlukene ezingama-64 ziphawulwe futhi emaphaketheni.Kodwa lokhu kusungulwa okusha kwenzeka kanjani?
Kubiliswe amachashazi ayisithupha
Lapho eneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, uLouis Braille wahlangana nokaputeni wezempi eParis.Lapho umfana oyimpumputhe wethulwa “ku-nocturnal typeface” - uhlelo lokufunda olwakhiwe izinhlamvu ezithintekayo.Ngosizo lwamachashazi ayishumi nambili ahlelwe emigqeni emibili imiyalo yadluliselwa emabuthweni ebumnyameni.Nokho, ngemibhalo emide, lesi simiso sabonakala siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.I-Braille yehlise inani lamachashazi laya kwayisithupha ngaleyo ndlela kwasungulwa iBraille yanamuhla evumela izinhlamvu, izibalo zezibalo kanye nomculo weshidi ukuthi uhunyushelwe kulolu limi oluthinta inhliziyo.
Inhloso eshiwo ye-EU ukususa imigoqo yansuku zonke kwabangaboni nabangaboni kahle.Ngaphezu kwezimpawu zomgwaqo zabantu abangaboni kahle ezindaweni zomphakathi ezifana neziphathimandla noma izithuthi zomphakathi, i-Directive 2004/3/27 EC, ebisebenza kusukela ngo-2007, ibeka ukuthi igama lomuthi kufanele libhalwe nge-Braille emaphaketheni angaphandle emithi. .Umyalelo awubandakanyi amabhokisi amancane angekho ngaphezu kuka-20ml kanye/noma ama-20g, imithi ekhiqizwa ngamayunithi angaphansi kuka-7,000 ngonyaka, ama-naturopaths abhalisiwe kanye nemithi elawulwa ochwepheshe bezempilo kuphela.Uma kuceliwe, izinkampani ezenza imithi kufanele futhi zinikeze iziguli ezingaboni kahle izinto ezifakwa kwezinye izinhlobo.Njengendinganiso esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, usayizi wefonti (iphuzu) lapha uthi "Marburg Medium".
Wnoma umzamo owengeziwe
Ngokusobala, amalebula e-Braille anengqondo nawo anemithelela yokusebenza nezindleko.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanyathelisi kumelwe bazi ukuthi akuzona zonke izilimi ezinamaphuzu afanayo.Izinhlanganisela zamachashazi ze-%, / nesitobhi esigcwele zihlukile e-Spain, Italy, Germany nase-UK.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphrinta kufanele acabangele amadayamitha amachashazi athile, ama-offset, nesikhala somugqa lapho ephrinta noma ephrinta ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi kulula ukuthinta amachashazi e-Braille.Kodwa-ke, abaklami lapha nabo kufanele bahlale belinganisela kahle phakathi komsebenzi nokubukeka.Phela, izindawo eziphakeme akumele ziphazamise ngokungafanele ukufunda nokubukeka kwabantu abangaboni kahle.
Ukusebenzisa i-Braille emaphaketheni akuyona inkinga elula.Ngoba kunezidingo ezihlukene zokugqamisa i-braille: Ukuze kube nomphumela ongcono kakhulu wokubona, ukugqama kwe-braille kufanele kube buthaka ukuze okubalulekile kwekhadibhodi kungadabuki.Uma izinga lokunamathisela liphakeme, ingozi enkulu yokudabula ikhava yekhadibhodi.Kubantu abayizimpumputhe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubude obuncane obuncane bamachashazi e-braille buyadingeka ukuze bezwe umbhalo kalula ngeminwe yabo.Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa amachashazi aqoshiwe ekupakisheni njalo kumelela isenzo sokulinganisa phakathi kokubonwayo okukhangayo kanye nokufundeka okuhle kwabangaboni.
Ukuphrinta kwedijithali kwenza uhlelo lokusebenza lube lula
Kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule, i-Braille yayisanyatheliswa, okwakudingeka kukhiqizwe ithuluzi elihambisanayo lokunyathelisa.Khona-ke, ukuphrinta kwesikrini kwethulwa - ngenxa yalokhu kuguquka kokuqala, imboni yayidinga kuphela i-stencil ephrintiwe isikrini.Kodwa inguquko yangempela izoza kuphela nokuphrinta kwedijithali.Manje, amachashazi e-braille ayindaba nje yokuphrinta ijethi kayinki nokuvanisha.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu akulula: izimfuneko zifaka amazinga amahle okugeleza kwe-nozzle kanye nezindawo zokomisa ezifanele, kanye nokuphrinta ngesivinini esikhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokhu, amajethi ayinki kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo zosayizi obuncane, abe nokunamathela okuhle futhi angabi nenkungu.Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwama-inks / ama-varnishes okuphrinta kudinga ulwazi oluningi, manje olutholwa yizinkampani eziningi embonini.
Kukhona izingcingo ngezikhathi ezithile ukususa ukusetshenziswa okuyisibopho kwe-Braille emaphaketheni akhethiwe.Abanye bathi lezi zindleko zingonga ngama-electronic tag, bethi futhi kuvumela abasebenzisi abangazazi izinhlamvu noma i-Braille, njengabantu asebekhulile asebeneminyaka bengaboni kahle, ukuthi bathole ulwazi abalufunayo.
Qeda
Kuze kube manje, ukupakishwa kwe-Braille kusenezinkinga eziningi ezisalinde ukuthi sizixazulule, sizokwenza konke okusemandleni ethu ukwenza kangcono ukupakishwa kwe-Braille kubantu abakudingayo.Siyabonga ngokufunda!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-10-2022