Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezikhwama zepulasitiki, ezifana ne-polyethylene, ebizwa nangokuthi i-PE, i-high-density polyethylene (HDPE), i-low-mi-degree polyethylene (LDPE), okuyizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu izikhwama zepulasitiki.Lapho lezi zikhwama zepulasitiki ezivamile zinganezelwa nezinto ezicekela phansi, kuthatha amakhulu eminyaka ukuwohloka, okuletha ukungcoliswa okungenakucatshangwa kwezinto eziphilayo zomhlaba nendawo ezungezile.
Kukhona nezinye izikhwama ezingcolile ngokuphelele, ezifana ne-photodegradation, ukuchithwa kwe-oxidative, ukuchithwa kwamatshe-plastic, njll, lapho ama-ejenti angcolile noma i-calcium carbonate yengezwa ku-polyethylene.Umzimba womuntu mubi nakakhulu.
Kukhona nezinye izikhwama zesitashi zomgunyathi, ezibiza kancane kunepulasitiki evamile, kodwa futhi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-degradable".Ngamafuphi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umenzi wengeza ini ku-PE, kuseyi-polyethylene.Yiqiniso, njengomthengi, ungase ungakwazi ukukubona konke.
Indlela elula yokuqhathanisa intengo yeyunithi.Izindleko zezikhwama zemfucumfucu ezingaboli ziphakeme kancane kunalezo ezijwayelekile.Izindleko zezikhwama zikadoti zangempela ezibolayo ziphakeme ngokuphindwe kabili noma kathathu kunezivamile.Uma uhlangabezana nohlobo “lwesikhwama esonakele” esinenani eliphansi kakhulu leyunithi, ungacabangi ukuthi kushibhile ukusilanda, kungenzeka kube isikhwama esingonakalisiwe ngokuphelele.
Cabanga ngakho, uma izikhwama ezinenani eliphansi kangaka leyunithi zingehlisa izinga, kungani ososayensi besafunda lezo zikhwama zepulasitiki ezingaboli ngokuphelele ezibiza kakhulu?Izikhwama zikadoti zenza ingxenye enkulu yokupakishwa kwepulasitiki, futhi le mfucumfucu evamile yepulasitiki kanye nezikhwama zemfucumfucu ezibizwa ngokuthi "ezibolayo" azikonakali ngempela.
Ngomongo we-plastic restriction order, amabhizinisi amaningi asebenzisa igama elithi "degradable" ukuze athengise inani elikhulu lezikhwama zepulasitiki ezishibhile ezingaboli ngaphansi kwesibhengezo esithi "ukuvikelwa kwemvelo" kanye "nokuwohloka";futhi abathengi nabo abaqondi, elula Kukholelwa ukuthi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "okonakalayo" "ukuchithwa okugcwele", ukuze le "microplastic" iphinde ibe udoti olimaza izilwane nabantu.
Ukuze idume, amapulasitiki awonakaliswayo angahlukaniswa abe amapulasitiki awonakele asuselwa ku-petrochemical kanye namapulasitiki awonakele asuselwa ku-bio ngokuya ngomthombo wezinto zokusetshenziswa.
Ngokomzila wokuwohloka, ungahlukaniswa ube yi-photodegradation, i-thermo-oxidative degradation kanye ne-biodegradation.
Amapulasitiki abolayo: Kudingeka izimo ezikhanyayo.Ezimweni eziningi, amapulasitiki aguquguqukayo awakwazi ukuchithwa ngokugcwele noma ohlelweni lokulahla udoti noma endaweni yemvelo ngenxa yezimo ezikhona.
Amapulasitiki e-Thermo-oxidative: Amapulasitiki aphukayo ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa noma se-oxidation phakathi nesikhathi esiholela ekushintsheni kwesakhiwo samakhemikhali wento.Ngenxa yezimo ezikhona, kunzima ukululaza ngokuphelele ezimweni eziningi.
Amapulasitiki abolayo: asekelwe ezitshalweni ezifana nezitsha zesitashi noma izinto ezingavuthiwe ezifana ne-PLA + PBAT, amapulasitiki abolayo angahlanganiswa negesi ewudoti, efana nemfucumfucu yasekhishini, futhi angehliswa abe amanzi nesikhutha.Amapulasitiki asekelwe ku-bio nawo anganciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide.Uma kuqhathaniswa namapulasitiki avamile, amapulasitiki asekelwe ku-bio anganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwensiza kawoyela ngo-30% kuya ku-50%.
Qonda umehluko phakathi kokubola nokubola ngokugcwele, ingabe uzimisele ukusebenzisa imali ezikhwameni zikadoti ezonakaliswe ngokuphelele?
Kithina, ngenzalo yethu, izidalwa ezisemhlabeni, kanye nendawo yokuhlala engcono, kufanele sibe nombono wesikhathi eside.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-14-2022