Ngokuqwashisa okwandayo ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kube nesidingo esikhulayo sezinto zokupakisha ezibolayo.Izikhwama eziyinhlanganisela ye-Biodegradable zisetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yokupakisha eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yezimpawu zazo ezinhle kakhulu njengezindleko eziphansi, amandla aphezulu, kanye nokubola kwe-biodegradability.
Ukwakheka kwempahla yezikhwama ezihlanganisiwe ezibolayo kuvame ukuba nengxube yama-polymer ahlukahlukene abolayo, njenge-polyethylene (PE), i-polypropylene (PP), i-polylactic acid (PLA), nesitashi, kanye nezinye izithasiselo.Lezi zinto zivame ukuhlanganiswa ngokuhlanganisa, ifilimu eshaywayo, noma izindlela zokulingisa ukuze zakhe inhlanganisela yezendlalelo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezinezakhiwo ezahlukene.
Ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwesikhwama esiyinhlanganisela esibolayo ngokuvamile lwenziwa nge-polymer ebolayo, njenge-PLA noma isitashi, esinikeza isikhwama ukubola.Isendlalelo esiphakathi sakhiwe ngokuhlanganisa i-polymer ekwazi ukubola kanye ne-polymer evamile, njenge-PE noma i-PP, ukuthuthukisa amandla nokuqina kwesikhwama.Isendlalelo sangaphandle senziwe futhi nge-polymer evamile, ehlinzeka ngezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvimbela futhi ithuthukise izinga lokuphrinta lesikhwama.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo lugxile ekuthuthukisweni kwezikhwama eziyinhlanganisela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ze-biodegradable ezinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini nezithiyo.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nanotechnology, njengokufakwa kwe-nano-clay noma i-nano-fillers, kuboniswe ukuthuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, kanye nezakhiwo zokuvimbela izikhwama ezihlanganisiwe ze-biodegradable.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkambiso embonini yokupakisha ibheke ekusebenziseni izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisimeme nezivuselelekayo, njenge-biomass-based bioplastics, ekukhiqizeni izikhwama eziyinhlanganisela ye-biodegradable.Lokhu kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha ezibolayo, njenge-polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), ezitholakala ekuvubeleni kwebhaktheriya kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezivuselelekayo futhi ezinokonakala okuhle kakhulu kwe-biodegradability kanye nezakhiwo zemishini.
Izikhwama zokupakisha eziyinhlanganisela ezonakele ziya ngokuya ziduma njengoba ukuqwashisa kwabantu ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo kuye kwathuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo.Izikhwama zokupakisha ezihlanganisiwe ziwuhlobo lwezinto zokupakisha ezenziwe ngezinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ngenqubo eyinhlanganisela.Zinokusebenza okungcono kunokupakisha okukodwa futhi zingaxazulula ngokuphumelelayo izinkinga zokulondoloza, ezokuthutha, nokuthengisa ukudla nezinye izinto.
Kodwa-ke, izikhwama zokupakisha eziyinhlanganisela yendabuko ziye zagxekwa ngomthelela wazo omubi endaweni ezungezile.Eminyakeni yamuva, ngesidingo esikhulayo sokuthuthukiswa okusimeme, ukunakwa okwengeziwe kuye kwakhokhwa endabeni "yokungcoliswa okumhlophe" okubangelwa udoti wepulasitiki.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo futhi kugqugquzelwe intuthuko esimeme, ucwaningo lwezikhwama zokupakisha eziyinhlanganisela ezonakele seluphenduke isihloko esishisayo.
Izikhwama zokupakisha eziyinhlanganisela ezonakele zingenye yezindlela ezithembisayo kakhulu, njengoba zinganciphisa ukulimala kwemfucuza yepulasitiki endaweni.
Isikhwama sokupakisha esiyinhlanganisela eyonakalisayo senziwa ikakhulukazi ngesitashi nezinye izinto zemvelo, okusenza sibolakeke ngesikhathi esifushane.Ingabola ngokuphepha futhi kalula ibe yi-carbon dioxide namanzi, ngaphandle kokulimaza imvelo.
Isikhwama sokupakisha esiyinhlanganisela eyonakalisayo sinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokupakisha, okuhlanganisa ukumelana nomswakama omuhle, amandla aphezulu, nokuqina okuhle.Ingakwazi ukuvikela ngempumelelo imikhiqizo kusuka kumswakama, emoyeni, nasekukhanyeni, futhi ifinyelele umphumela ofanayo nezikhwama zepulasitiki zokupakisha zendabuko.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhwama sokupakisha esiyinhlanganisela esonakele singenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuya ngezidingo ezahlukahlukene zamakhasimende.Ingakhiqizwa ngosayizi abahlukahlukene, izitayela, nemibala, futhi ingaphrintwa ngokukhangisa noma ngolwazi lokukhangisa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zokupakisha eziyinhlanganisela ezonakele kungasiza ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemfucuza yepulasitiki futhi kukhuthaze intuthuko esimeme.Ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi zokupakisha kuyilapho ivikela futhi ithuthukisa imvelo.
Izici zezikhwama eziyinhlanganisela ye-biodegradable ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:
1. I-biodegradable: izikhwama ezihlanganisiwe ezibolayo zenziwa ikakhulukazi ngezinto zemvelo, njengesitashi, i-cellulose, njll., ukuze zikwazi ukubola endaweni yemvelo futhi zingeke zidale ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
2. Ukumelana nokuswakama okuhle: izikhwama eziyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo zingase zimbozwe ngezinto ezifaka umswakama kungqimba lwangaphakathi, ezingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo umswakama ezintweni eziqukethe umswakama.
3. amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle: izikhwama eziyinhlanganisela ezibolayo zinamandla aqinile nokuqina, okuzenza zikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo.
4. Ukwehlukahlukana okwenziwa ngokwezifiso nokucebile: izikhwama eziyinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezibolayo zingenziwa ngosayizi abahlukene, imibala, izitayela nokuphrinta ngokwezidingo zamakhasimende ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemakethe ezahlukene.
5.Ingakwazi ukuvala izikhwama zepulasitiki zendabuko: uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhwama zepulasitiki zendabuko, izikhwama eziyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo zinokuvikeleka okungcono kwemvelo, ukuwohloka kanye nokusebenziseka kabusha, into yokupakisha esimeme kakhudlwana.
Kafushane, ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhwama zokupakisha eziyinhlanganisela ezonakele kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa intuthuko esimeme yemboni yokupakisha.Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziwohlokayo ezikhwameni zokupakisha eziyinhlanganisela kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukulimala okubangelwa udoti wepulasitiki endaweni ezungezile, futhi kunikeza isisombululo esivumelana nemvelo enkingeni "yokungcola okumhlophe".Nakuba lezi zikhwama zibiza kakhulu, izinzuzo ezizilethela imvelo ziningi kakhulu.Njengoba abathengi beqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa kwabo ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo, amathuba emakethe ezikhwama zokupakisha eziyinhlanganisela ezonakele azothembisa nakakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-30-2023